India’s antitrust watchdog, the Competition Commission of India (CCI), has levied a ₹213.14 crore fine on Meta, the parent company of WhatsApp. This fine has been imposed for “abusing” its dominant market position through the controversial 2021 update to WhatsApp’s privacy policy. The CCI accused Meta of implementing the policy in a way that imposed unfair conditions on users while enabling extensive data sharing across Meta platforms for purposes beyond messaging.
The update, introduced in January 2021, required Indian users to accept expanded data-sharing terms with Meta companies. CCI highlighted several violations in the privacy policy. Here’s a list:
- Unfair Conditions: The “take-it-or-leave-it” nature of the policy imposed unfair terms on Indian users.
- Market Entry Barriers: The sharing of WhatsApp user data across Meta companies created obstacles for rival firms in the online advertising and messaging markets.
- Dominance in Advertising: The CCI found Meta leveraging WhatsApp’s leading position in messaging apps to bolster its dominance in the online display advertising market.
Alongside the fine, the CCI has issued strict directions to Meta and WhatsApp. WhatsApp is prohibited from sharing user data with other Meta companies for advertising purposes for the next five years. WhatsApp has also been ordered to clearly outline in its privacy policy the types of data being shared, the purpose of such sharing, and the corresponding justification for each category of data. It also says that access to WhatsApp in India cannot be conditional upon users agreeing to data-sharing policies unrelated to the messaging service.
The said privacy policy update sparked widespread backlash in 2021. Many users also migrated to alternative platforms like Signal and Telegram. So, CCI launched a suo motu proceedings to investigate the matter.
Meta has expressed disagreement with the CCI’s decision and announced plans to appeal. However, the company has not provided further comments.
